In recent years, powder metallurgists have paid more attention to materials with “nano” and “composite” properties, ignoring the expanding role of basic materials and their processes in the field of powder metallurgy. Copper has played a huge role in the field of powder metallurgy and will continue to promote its development. This paper mainly describes the application of copper powder in the field of powder metallurgy and the development of its technology, and reviews the history, characteristics and applications of copper. This paper supports the view that the application of copper in powder metallurgy will continue to increase, and its application prospects are promising in the field of thermal management materials and traditional powder metallurgy.
This paper mainly describes the application of copper powder in the field of powder metallurgy and the development of its technology, and reviews the history, characteristics and applications of copper. We believe that the application of copper in powder metallurgy will continue to increase. In the field of thermal management materials and traditional powder metallurgy, its application prospects are promising.
Application of copper in powder metallurgy
As early as 10,000 years ago, copper was discovered and recognized as a unique metal. At first it was used for jewelry and other decorations. Natural copper or copper-bearing ore is used as raw material, and the processing is very simple, that is, the original cold processing. Back in 8700 BC, copper was used to make necklace pendants.
For example: dispersion-strengthened Cu-Al2O3 for strengthening and manufacturing welding electrodes (for automotive and other industrial applications), for thermal management of electronic components W-Cu and Mo -Cu, such materials need to control their porosity.
The article studies the necessary conditions for obtaining high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. The requirements for raw materials, extrusion pressure and sintering temperature of components with a conductivity above 90% were analyzed.
As with iron powder growth, copper powder premixed with iron powder is expected to increase by 5%. Copper powder enhances the properties of iron-carbon alloy materials and can increase their density, strength, fatigue resistance and mechanical properties. The paper by Engstrom (North America Hoganas) discusses how to add a certain amount of copper powder to improve the properties and microstructure of several iron-based powder metallurgy parts.
Copper powder is rarely developed in thermally conductive equipment and applications with high conductive and thermally conductive powder metallurgical components. Potential applications include electrical contact elements, shorts, and electrical components (eg, slip rings, commutators, and rotor bars). Heat sinks and heat exchangers that have been used in the field of electrical components will extend to electronic cooling systems. Copper powder for conductive and thermally conductive parts will reach 15% to 20% of the product.
Copper powder increases with the use of iron powder mixture and infiltrant. The annual consumption of copper powder reaches about 25%. Copper tin powder is used for self-lubricating bearings, brass parts for locks and textile parts, bronze. Alloy powder continues to consume 50% to 60% of the world.
The elbows and other components of the production pipeline industry have developed quite maturely. The economic issue of making such parts from pure copper powder should be reviewed again.
Due to the beautiful color of copper powder and its excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion, copper powder is used extensively for decorative purposes such as furniture, building exteriors, walls and roofing materials. The application of copper powder metallurgy parts in such fields should also be considered. Nowadays, relatively high pressures and relatively large parts made of copper powder and copper-based alloy powders have been used in this field.
Many forged and cast copper and copper alloy parts require machining. Lead is often added to such products to enhance the cutting performance of copper. The handling of lead alloy bearing components is becoming a problem, and many countries are applying pressure to reduce lead levels. Powder metallurgy parts require almost no machining and are therefore used in place of many lead-containing forged castings using their inherent manufacturing processes. These components will relate to fuse holders, welding electrodes, valves, fasteners and transmissions.
The future of copper powder is bright. Traditional applications such as self-lubricating bearings, premixed powders, infiltrants, brass and bronze alloys, and friction materials continue to play an important role as the main area of copper powder consumption. The use of copper powder in the field of heat conduction and conduction will continue to grow, which will expand the use of copper powder. Most powder metallurgy processes are feasible in the production of high density, high thermal conductivity components, and new powder metallurgy technologies need to be recognized and developed.
The use of powder metallurgy to produce sanitary ware, high-speed cutting powder metallurgy alloy parts and decorative parts needs to be developed, and only parts made of copper powder can satisfy their characteristics.